:Kyrgyzstan Geography Total area: 198,500 km2 Land area: 191,300 km2 Comparative area: slightly smaller than South Dakota Land boundaries: 3,878 km; China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km Coastline: none - landlocked Maritime claims: none - landlocked Disputes: territorial dispute with Tajikistan on southern boundary in Isfara Valley area Climate: dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in south (Fergana Valley) Terrain: peaks of Tien Shan rise to 7,000 meters, and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation Natural resources: small amounts of coal, natural gas, oil; also nepheline, rare earth metals, mercury, bismuth, gold, uranium, lead, zinc, hydroelectric power Land use: NA% arable land; NA% permanent crops; NA% meadows and pastures; NA% forest and woodland; NA% other; includes NA% irrigated Environment: NA :Kyrgyzstan People Population: 4,567,875 (July 1992), growth rate 1.9% (1992) Birth rate: 31 births/1,000 population (1992) Death rate: 8 deaths/1,000 population (1992) Net migration rate: - 8.5 migrants/1,000 population (1992) Infant mortality rate: 56 deaths/1,000 live births (1991) Life expectancy at birth: 62 years male, 71 years female (1992) Total fertility rate: 4.0 children born/woman (1992) Nationality: noun - Kirghiz(s); adjective - Kirghiz Ethnic divisions: Kirghiz 52%, Russian 21%, Uzbek 13%, other 14% Religions: Muslim 70%, Russian Orthodox NA% Languages: Kirghiz (Kyrgyz) Literacy: NA% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write Labor force: 1,894,000 (1989); agriculture 33%, other 49%, industry 18%, other NA% (1988) Organized labor: NA :Kyrgyzstan Government Long-form name: Republic of Kyrgyzstan Type: republic Capital: Bishkek (formerly Frunze) Administrative divisions: 6 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast'); Chu, Dzhalal-Abad, Issyk-Kul', Naryn, Osh, Talas; note - an oblast has the same name as its administrative center Independence: 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union; formerly Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic) Constitution: adopted NA, effective 20 April 1978, amended 23 September 1989; note - new constitution is being drafted Legal system: NA National holiday: NA Executive branch: president, Cabinet of Ministers Legislative branch: unicameral body or bicameral Judicial branch: Supreme Court Leaders: President Askar AKAYEV; Vice President Felix KULOV; Chairman, Supreme Soviet, Medetkav SHERIMKULOV; Spiritual leader of Kyrgyz Muslims, Sadykzhav KAMALOV Chief of State: President Askar AKAYEV (since 28 October 1990), Vice President Felix KULOV (since 2 March 1992) Head of Government: Prime Minister Tursenbek CHYNGYSHEV (since 2 March 1992) Political parties and leaders: Kyrgyzstan Democratic Movement, Zhypur ZHEKSHEYEV, Kazat AKMAKOV, and Toshubek TURGANALIEV, co-chairmen of popular front coalition of 40 informal groups for Democratic Renewal and Civic Accord, 117-man pro-Akayev parliamentary faction; Civic Accord, Coalition representing nonnative minority groups; National Revived Asaba (Banner) Party, Asan ORMUSHEV, chairman; Communist Party now banned Suffrage: universal at age 18 Elections: President: last held 12 October 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - AKAYEV won in uncontested election with 95% of vote with 90% of electorate voting; note - Republic Supreme Soviet elections held 25 February 1990; presidential elections held first by Supreme Soviet 28 October 1990, then by popular vote 12 October 1991 Supreme Soviet: note - last held 25 February 1990 (next to be held no later than November 1994); results - Commnunists (310) 90%, seats - (350 total) Other political or pressure groups: National Unity Democratic Movement; Peasant Party; Council of Free Trade Union; Union of Entrepreneurs Member of: CIS, CSCE, IMF, UN, UNCTAD :Kyrgyzstan Government Diplomatic representation: Ambassador NA; Chancery at NW, Washington, DC 200__; telephone (202) NA; there are Consulates General in NA; US: Charge Ralph Bresler; Interim Chancery at #66 Derzhinskiy Prospekt; Residence: Hotel Pishpek (mailing address is APO AE 09862); telephone 8-011-7-3312-22-22-70 Flag: red-orange field with yellow sun in center with folk motif medallion inscribed :Kyrgyzstan Economy Overview: Kyrgyzstan's small economy (less than 1% of the total for the former Soviet Union) is oriented toward agriculture, producing mainly livestock such as goats and sheep, as well as cotton, grain, and tobacco. Industry, concentrated around Bishkek, produces small quantities of electric motors, livestock feeding equipment, washing machines, furniture, cement, paper, and bricks. Mineral extraction is small, the most important minerals being rare earth metals and gold. Kyrgyzstan is a net importer of most types of food and fuel but is a net exporter of electricity. By early 1991, the Kirghiz leadership had accelerated reform, primarily by privatizing business and granting life-long tenure to farmers. In 1991 overall industrial and livestock output declined substantially. GDP: purchasing power equivalent - $NA billion, per capita $NA; real growth rate -5% (1991) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 88% (1991) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues $NA million; expenditures $NA million Exports: $115 million (1990) commodities: wool, chemicals, cotton, ferrous and nonferrous metals, shoes, machinery, tobacco partners: Russia 70%, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and others Imports: $1.5 million (c.i.f., 1990) commodities: lumber, industrial products, ferrous metals, fuel, machinery, textiles, footwear External debt: $650 million (1991) Industrial production: growth rate 0.1% (1991) Electricity: NA kW capacity; 13,900 million kWh produced, 3,232 kWh per capita (1991) Industries: small machinery, textiles, food-processing industries, cement, shoes, sawn logs, steel, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, and rare earth metals Agriculture: wool, tobacco, cotton, livestock (sheep and goats) and cattle, vegetables, meat, grapes, fruits and berries, eggs, milk, potatoes Illicit drugs: poppy cultivation legal Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $NA billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-86), $NA million; Communist countries (1971-86), $NA million Currency: as of May 1992, retaining ruble as currency Fiscal year: calendar year :Kyrgyzstan Communications Railroads: 370 km; does not include industrial lines (1990) Highways: 30,300 km total; 22,600 km paved or graveled, 7,700 km earth(1990) Inland waterways: NA km perennially navigable Pipelines: NA Ports: none - landlocked Civil air: NA Airports: NA Telecommunications: poorly developed; connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch; satellite earth stations - Orbita and INTELSAT (TV receive only) :Kyrgyzstan Defense Forces Branches: Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops); National Guard, Civil Defense; CIS Forces (Ground, Air, and Air Defense) Manpower availability: males 15-49, NA fit for military service; NA reach military age (18) annually Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP