IEEE P1003.2 Draft 11.2 - September 1991 Copyright (c) 1991 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 345 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017, USA All rights reserved as an unpublished work. This is an unapproved and unpublished IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. The publication, distribution, or copying of this draft, as well as all derivative works based on this draft, is expressly prohibited except as set forth below. Permission is hereby granted for IEEE Standards Committee participants to reproduce this document for purposes of IEEE standardization activities only, and subject to the restrictions contained herein. Permission is hereby also granted for member bodies and technical committees of ISO and IEC to reproduce this document for purposes of developing a national position, subject to the restrictions contained herein. Permission is hereby also granted to the preceding entities to make limited copies of this document in an electronic form only for the stated activities. The following restrictions apply to reproducing or transmitting the document in any form: 1) all copies or portions thereof must identify the document's IEEE project number and draft number, and must be accompanied by this entire notice in a prominent location; 2) no portion of this document may be redistributed in any modified or abridged form without the prior approval of the IEEE Standards Department. Other entities seeking permission to reproduce this document, or any portion thereof, for standardization or other activities, must contact the IEEE Standards Department for the appropriate license. Use of information contained in this unapproved draft is at your own risk. IEEE Standards Department Copyright and Permissions 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331 Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA +1 (908) 562-3800 +1 (908) 562-1571 [FAX] Part 2: SHELL AND UTILITIES P1003.2/D11.2 <0S> /d032/d032/d052/d066 SUPERSCRIPT ZERO (ISO IR 50 112) <4S> /d032/d032/d052/d067 SUPERSCRIPT FOUR (ISO IR 50 116) <5S> /d032/d032/d052/d068 SUPERSCRIPT FIVE (ISO IR 50 117) <6S> /d032/d032/d052/d069 SUPERSCRIPT SIX (ISO IR 50 118) <7S> /d032/d032/d052/d070 SUPERSCRIPT SEVEN (ISO IR 50 119) <8S> /d032/d032/d052/d071 SUPERSCRIPT EIGHT (ISO IR 50 120) <9S> /d032/d032/d052/d072 SUPERSCRIPT NINE (ISO IR 50 121) <+S> /d032/d032/d052/d073 SUPERSCRIPT PLUS (ISO IR 50 106) <-S> /d032/d032/d052/d074 SUPERSCRIPT MINUS (ISO IR 50 107) <1h> /d032/d032/d052/d075 ABSTRACT SYMBOL H ONE (HOOK) # (JIS C 6229-1984 060) <2h> /d032/d032/d052/d076 ABSTRACT SYMBOL H TWO (FORK) # (JIS C 6229-1984 093) <3h> /d032/d032/d052/d077 ABSTRACT SYMBOL H THREE (CHAIR) # (JIS C 6229-1984 062) <4h> /d032/d032/d052/d078 ABSTRACT SYMBOL H FOUR (LONG VERTICAL MARK) # (JIS C 6229-1984 125) <1j> /d032/d032/d052/d079 SYMBOL ONE (ISO 2033-1983 058) <2j> /d032/d032/d052/d080 SYMBOL TWO (ISO 2033-1983 059) <3j> /d032/d032/d052/d081 SYMBOL THREE (ISO 2033-1983 060) <4j> /d032/d032/d052/d082 SYMBOL FOUR (ISO 2033-1983 061) /d032/d032/d052/d083 Unit space A (ISO IR 8-1 064) /d032/d032/d052/d084 Unit space B (ISO IR 8-1 096) /d032/d032/d052/d085 ARABIC LETTER YEH FINAL (CODAR U 090) /d032/d032/d052/d086 OLD NORSE YR (DIN 31624 251) <.6> /d032/d032/d052/d087 KATAKANA FULL STOP (JIS C 6220 033) <<6> /d032/d032/d052/d088 KATAKANA OPENING BRACKET (JIS C 6220 034) 6> /d032/d032/d052/d089 KATAKANA CLOSING BRACKET (JIS C 6220 035) <,6> /d032/d032/d052/d090 KATAKANA COMMA (JIS C 6220 036) <&6> /d032/d032/d052/d091 KATAKANA CONJUNCTION SYMBOL (JIS C 6220 037) <(S> /d032/d032/d052/d092 LEFT PARENTHESIS SUPERSCRIPT # (CSA Z243.4-1985-gr 168) <)S> /d032/d032/d052/d093 RIGHT PARENTHESIS SUPERSCRIPT # (CSA Z243.4-1985-gr 169) END CHARMAP F.5.2 ISO_8859-1 Charmap / 1 CHARMAP /d000 NULL (NUL) 1 /d001 START OF HEADING (SOH) Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. F.5 (Example) Danish Charmap Files 1081 P1003.2/D11.2 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY--POSIX /d002 START OF TEXT (STX) /d003 END OF TEXT (ETX) /d004 END OF TRANSMISSION (EOT) /d005 ENQUIRY (ENQ) /d006 ACKNOWLEDGE (ACK) /d007 BELL (BEL) /d007 BELL (BEL) /d008 BACKSPACE (BS) /d009 CHARACTER TABULATION (HT) /d010 LINE FEED (LF) /d011 LINE TABULATION (VT) /d012 FORM FEED (FF) /d013 CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) /d016 DATALINK ESCAPE (DLE) /d017 DEVICE CONTROL ONE (DC1) /d018 DEVICE CONTROL TWO (DC2) /d019 DEVICE CONTROL THREE (DC3) /d020 DEVICE CONTROL FOUR (DC4) /d021 NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE (NAK) /d022 SYNCHRONOUS IDLE (SYN) /d023 END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK (ETB) /d024 CANCEL (CAN) /d026 SUBSTITUTE (SUB) /d027 ESCAPE (ESC) /d028 FILE SEPARATOR (IS4) /d029 GROUP SEPARATOR (IS3) /d029 GROUP SEPARATOR (IS3) /d030 RECORD SEPARATOR (IS2) /d031 UNIT SEPARATOR (IS1) /d127 DELETE (DEL) 1 /d032 SPACE /d033 EXCLAMATION MARK /d034 QUOTATION MARK /d035 NUMBER SIGN /d036 DOLLAR SIGN /d037 PERCENT SIGN /d038 AMPERSAND /d039 APOSTROPHE /d040 LEFT PARENTHESIS /d041 RIGHT PARENTHESIS /d042 ASTERISK /d043 PLUS SIGN /d044 COMMA /d045 HYPHEN-MINUS Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. 1082 F Sample National Profile Part 2: SHELL AND UTILITIES P1003.2/D11.2 /d045 HYPHEN-MINUS /d046 FULL STOP /d046 FULL STOP /d047 SOLIDUS /d047 SOLIDUS /d048 DIGIT ZERO /d049 DIGIT ONE /d050 DIGIT TWO /d051 DIGIT THREE /d052 DIGIT FOUR /d053 DIGIT FIVE /d054 DIGIT SIX /d055 DIGIT SEVEN /d056 DIGIT EIGHT /d057 DIGIT NINE /d058 COLON /d059 SEMICOLON /d060 LESS-THAN SIGN /d061 EQUALS SIGN /d062 GREATER-THAN SIGN /d063 QUESTION MARK /d064 COMMERCIAL AT /d091 LEFT SQUARE BRACKET /d092 REVERSE SOLIDUS /d092 REVERSE SOLIDUS /d093 RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET /d094 CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT /d095 LOW LINE /d095 LOW LINE /d096 GRAVE ACCENT /d123 LEFT CURLY BRACKET /d124 VERTICAL LINE /d125 RIGHT CURLY BRACKET /d126 TILDE /d032 SPACE /d033 EXCLAMATION MARK <"> /d034 QUOTATION MARK /d035 NUMBER SIGN /d036 DOLLAR SIGN <%> /d037 PERCENT SIGN <&> /d038 AMPERSAND <'> /d039 APOSTROPHE <(> /d040 LEFT PARENTHESIS <)> /d041 RIGHT PARENTHESIS Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. F.5 (Example) Danish Charmap Files 1083 P1003.2/D11.2 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY--POSIX <*> /d042 ASTERISK <+> /d043 PLUS SIGN <,> /d044 COMMA <-> /d045 HYPHEN-MINUS <.> /d046 FULL STOP /d047 SOLIDUS <0> /d048 DIGIT ZERO <1> /d049 DIGIT ONE <2> /d050 DIGIT TWO <3> /d051 DIGIT THREE <4> /d052 DIGIT FOUR <5> /d053 DIGIT FIVE <6> /d054 DIGIT SIX <7> /d055 DIGIT SEVEN <8> /d056 DIGIT EIGHT <9> /d057 DIGIT NINE <:> /d058 COLON <;> /d059 SEMICOLON <<> /d060 LESS-THAN SIGN <=> /d061 EQUALS SIGN > /d062 GREATER-THAN SIGN /d063 QUESTION MARK /d064 COMMERCIAL AT /d065 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A /d066 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B /d067 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C /d068 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D /d069 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E /d070 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F /d071 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G /d072 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H /d073 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I /d074 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J /d075 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K /d076 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L /d077 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M /d078 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N /d079 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O

/d112 LATIN SMALL LETTER P /d113 LATIN SMALL LETTER Q /d114 LATIN SMALL LETTER R /d115 LATIN SMALL LETTER S /d116 LATIN SMALL LETTER T /d117 LATIN SMALL LETTER U /d118 LATIN SMALL LETTER V /d119 LATIN SMALL LETTER W /d120 LATIN SMALL LETTER X /d121 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y /d122 LATIN SMALL LETTER Z <(!> /d123 LEFT CURLY BRACKET /d124 VERTICAL LINE /d125 RIGHT CURLY BRACKET <'?> /d126 TILDE /d160 NO-BREAK SPACE /d161 INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK /d162 CENT SIGN Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. F.5 (Example) Danish Charmap Files 1085 P1003.2/D11.2 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY--POSIX /d163 POUND SIGN /d164 CURRENCY SIGN /d165 YEN SIGN /d166 BROKEN BAR /d167 SECTION SIGN <':> /d168 DIAERESIS /d169 COPYRIGHT SIGN <-a> /d170 FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR <<<> /d171 LEFT POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK /d172 NOT SIGN <--> /d173 SOFT HYPHEN /d174 REGISTERED SIGN <'-> /d175 MACRON /d176 DEGREE SIGN <+-> /d177 PLUS-MINUS SIGN <2S> /d178 SUPERSCRIPT TWO <3S> /d179 SUPERSCRIPT THREE <''> /d180 ACUTE ACCENT /d181 MICRO SIGN /d182 PILCROW SIGN <.M> /d183 MIDDLE DOT <',> /d184 CEDILLA <1S> /d185 SUPERSCRIPT ONE <-o> /d186 MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR >>> /d187 RIGHT POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK 1 <14> /d188 VULGAR FRACTION ONE QUARTER <12> /d189 VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF <34> /d190 VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS /d191 INVERTED QUESTION MARK /d192 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE /d193 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE > /d194 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX /d195 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE /d196 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS /d197 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE /d198 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE /d199 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA /d200 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE /d201 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE > /d202 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX /d203 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS /d204 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE /d205 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE > /d206 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. 1086 F Sample National Profile Part 2: SHELL AND UTILITIES P1003.2/D11.2 /d207 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS /d208 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH (Icelandic) /d209 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE /d210 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH GRAVE /d211 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE > /d212 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX /d213 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE /d214 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS <*X> /d215 MULTIPLICATION SIGN /d216 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE /d217 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE /d218 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE > /d219 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX /d220 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS /d221 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE /d222 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN (Icelandic) /d223 LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S (German) /d224 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE /d225 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE > /d226 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX /d227 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE /d228 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS /d229 LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE /d230 LATIN SMALL LETTER AE /d231 LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA /d232 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE /d233 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE > /d234 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX /d235 LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS /d236 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE /d237 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE > /d238 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX /d239 LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS /d240 LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH (Icelandic) /d241 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE /d242 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE /d243 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE > /d244 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX /d245 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE /d246 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS <-:> /d247 DIVISION SIGN /d248 LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE /d249 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE /d250 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. F.5 (Example) Danish Charmap Files 1087 P1003.2/D11.2 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY--POSIX > /d251 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX /d252 LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS /d253 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE /d254 LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN (Icelandic) /d255 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS /d000 NULL (NUL) /d001 START OF HEADING (SOH) /d002 START OF TEXT (STX) /d003 END OF TEXT (ETX) /d004 END OF TRANSMISSION (EOT) /d005 ENQUIRY (ENQ) /d006 ACKNOWLEDGE (ACK) /d007 BELL (BEL) /d008 BACKSPACE (BS) /d009 CHARACTER TABULATION (HT) /d010 LINE FEED (LF) /d011 LINE TABULATION (VT) /d012 FORM FEED (FF) /d013 CARRIAGE RETURN (CR) /d014 SHIFT OUT (SO) /d015 SHIFT IN (SI)

/d016 DATALINK ESCAPE (DLE) /d017 DEVICE CONTROL ONE (DC1) /d018 DEVICE CONTROL TWO (DC2) /d019 DEVICE CONTROL THREE (DC3) /d020 DEVICE CONTROL FOUR (DC4) /d021 NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE (NAK) /d022 SYNCHRONOUS IDLE (SYN) /d023 END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK (ETB) /d024 CANCEL (CAN) /d025 END OF MEDIUM (EM) /d026 SUBSTITUTE (SUB) /d027 ESCAPE (ESC) /d028 FILE SEPARATOR (IS4) /d029 GROUP SEPARATOR (IS3) /d030 RECORD SEPARATOR (IS2) /d031 UNIT SEPARATOR (IS1)
/d127 DELETE (DEL) /d128 PADDING CHARACTER (PAD) /d129 HIGH OCTET PRESET (HOP) /d130 BREAK PERMITTED HERE (BPH) /d131 NO BREAK HERE (NBH) /d132 INDEX (IND) /d133 NEXT LINE (NEL) Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. 1088 F Sample National Profile Part 2: SHELL AND UTILITIES P1003.2/D11.2 /d134 START OF SELECTED AREA (SSA) /d135 END OF SELECTED AREA (ESA) /d136 CHARACTER TABULATION SET (HTS) /d137 CHARACTER TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION (HTJ) /d138 LINE TABULATION SET (VTS) /d139 PARTIAL LINE FORWARD (PLD) /d140 PARTIAL LINE BACKWARD (PLU) /d141 REVERSE LINE FEED (RI) /d142 SINGLE-SHIFT TWO (SS2) /d143 SINGLE-SHIFT THREE (SS3) /d144 DEVICE CONTROL STRING (DCS) /d145 PRIVATE USE ONE (PU1) /d146 PRIVATE USE TWO (PU2) /d147 SET TRANSMIT STATE (STS) /d148 CANCEL CHARACTER (CCH) /d149 MESSAGE WAITING (MW) /d150 START OF GUARDED AREA (SPA) /d151 END OF GUARDED AREA (EPA) /d152 START OF STRING (SOS) /d153 SINGLE GRAPHIC CHARACTER INTRODUCER (SGCI) /d154 SINGLE CHARACTER INTRODUCER (SCI) /d155 CONTROL SEQUENCE INTRODUCER (CSI) /d156 STRING TERMINATOR (ST) /d157 OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND (OSC) /d158 PRIVACY MESSAGE (PM) /d159 APPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND (APC) END CHARMAP END_RATIONALE END_RATIONALE Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. F.5 (Example) Danish Charmap Files 1089 P1003.2/D11.2 Annex G (informative) Balloting Instructions BEGIN_RATIONALE BEGIN_RATIONALE This annex will not appear in the final standard. It is included in the draft to provide instructions for balloting that cannot be separated easily from the main document, as a cover letter might. If you have received a copy of this draft before October 1991 it is important that you read this annex, whether you are an official member of the P1003.2 Balloting Group or not; comments on this draft are welcomed from all interested technical experts. Your ballot is due to the IEEE office by 21 October 1991. This is not the date to postmark it--it is the date of receipt. _S_u_m_m_a_r_y__o_f__D_r_a_f_t__1_1_._2__I_n_s_t_r_u_c_t_i_o_n_s This is the fifth ``recirculation draft'' of P1003.2. The recirculation 2 procedure is described in this annex. For this recirculation, we are 2 accepting objections against any normative changes that occurred from 2 Draft 11.1 to Draft 11.2 and the contents of the Unresolved Objections 2 List, provided as a separate document from the draft. 2 This is the first ballot in which the draft is available for online 2 review; see the Editor's Notes for details on accessing this information. 2 Send your ballot and/or comments to: Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. Annex G Balloting Instructions 1091 P1003.2/D11.2 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY--POSIX IEEE Standards Office Computer Society Secretariat ATTN: P1003.2 Ballot (Anna Kaczmarek) 2 P.O. Box 1331 445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331 It would also be very helpful if you sent us your ballot in machine- readable form. Your official ballot must be returned via mail to the IEEE office; if we receive only the e-mail or diskette version, that version will not count as an official document. However, the online version would be a great help to ballot resolution. We can accept e-mail to the following address: hlj@Posix.COM or uunet!posix!hlj or IBM PC 3.5-inch/720K diskette (plain file) or Macintosh 3.5-inch diskette (plain text file [preferred], Word, or Write) or Sun-style QIC- 24 cartridge tapes to: Hal Jespersen, Chair P1003.2 POSIX Software Group 447 Lakeview Way Redwood City, CA 94062 Some degree of judgment is required in determining what actually changed in Draft 11.2. Use the diff marks as a guide, but they will frequently mark text that has no real normative changes. Please limit your objections to the actual changes: for example, if we change the foo -x option to -y, don't use that as an opportunity to object that we have no -z option. Your objection should only address why the x to y change is a problem. (We have been balloting for a long time now and it is time to tighten the consensus and finish this up.) If you find problems unrelated to changes, submit them as comments and they will be considered seriously in that category. Thanks for your cooperation on this. _B_a_c_k_g_r_o_u_n_d__o_n__B_a_l_l_o_t_i_n_g__P_r_o_c_e_d_u_r_e_s The Balloting Group consists of over 160 technical experts who are members of the IEEE or the IEEE Computer Society; enrollment of individuals in this group has already been closed. There are also a few 1 ``parties of interest'' who are not members of the IEEE or the Computer 1 Society. Members of the Balloting Group are required to return ballots within the balloting period. Other individuals who may happen to read Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. 1092 G Balloting Instructions Part 2: SHELL AND UTILITIES P1003.2/D11.2 this draft are also encouraged to submit comments concerning this draft. 2 The only real difference between members of the Balloting Group and other individuals submitting ballots is that _a_f_f_i_r_m_a_t_i_v_e ballots are only counted from Balloting Group members who are also IEEE or Computer 1 Society members. (There are minimum requirements for the percentages of 1 ballots returned and for affirmative ballots out of that group.) However, objections and nonbinding comments must be resolved if received from any individual, as follows: (1) Some objections or comments will result in changes to the standard. This will occur either by the publication of a list of changes or by the republication of an entire draft. The objections/comments are reviewed by a team from the P1003.2 working group, consisting of the Chair, Vice Chair, the Chair of the TCOS Standards Subcommittee, and one or more Technical Reviewers. The Technical Reviewers each have subject matter expertise in a particular area and are responsible for objection resolution in one or more sections. (2) Other objections/comments will not result in changes. (a) Some are misunderstandings or cover portions of the document (front matter, informative annexes, rationale, editorial matters, etc.) that are not subject to balloting. (b) Others are so vaguely worded that it is impossible to determine what changes would satisfy the objector. These are referred to as _U_n_r_e_s_p_o_n_s_i_v_e. (The Technical Reviewers will make a reasonable effort to contact the objector to resolve this and get a newly worded objection.) Further examples of unresponsive submittals are those not marked as either _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_o_n or _C_o_m_m_e_n_t; those that do not identify the portion of the document that is being objected to (each objection must be separately labeled); those that 1 object to material in a recirculation that has not changed 1 and do not cite an unresolved objection; those that do not 1 provide specific or general guidance on what changes would be required to resolve the objection. (c) Finally, others are valid technical points, but they would result in decreasing the consensus of the Balloting Group. (This judgment is made based on other ballots and on the experiences of the working group through almost five years Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. Annex G Balloting Instructions 1093 P1003.2/D11.2 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY--POSIX of work and fifteen drafts preceding this one.) These are referred to as _U_n_r_e_s_o_l_v_e_d _O_b_j_e_c_t_i_o_n_s. Summaries of unresolved objections and their reasons for rejection are maintained throughout the balloting process, are circulated to members of the Balloting Group for their consideration, and are presented to the IEEE Standards Board when the final draft is offered for approval. 2 Unresolved objections are only circulated to the balloting 2 group when they are presented by members of the balloting 2 group or by parties of interest. Unsolicited 2 correspondence from outside these two groups may result in 2 draft changes, but are not recirculated to the balloting 2 group members. 2 Please ensure that you correctly characterize your ballot by providing one of the following: (1) Your IEEE member number (2) Your IEEE Computer Society affiliate number (3) If (1) or (2) don't apply, a statement that you are a ``Party of Interest'' _B_a_l_l_o_t__R_e_s_o_l_u_t_i_o_n The general procedure for resolving ballots is: (1) The balloting cuts off on 21 October 1991. This is a receipt date at the IEEE, not a postmark date. (Please do not telephone or FAX on 21 October 1991 and say that your specific comments will come later; late-arriving comments will not be considered as objections.) We will accept comments after that date, including direct e-mail to the working group officers or the Technical Reviewers, but they will be treated as comments only- -not objections. And we don't guarantee a written response to these late submissions. (2) The ballots are put online and distributed to the Technical Reviewers. (3) If a ballot contains an objection, the balloter will be contacted individually by telephone, letter, or e-mail and the corrective action to be taken will be described (or negotiated). Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. 1094 G Balloting Instructions Part 2: SHELL AND UTILITIES P1003.2/D11.2 The personal contact will most likely not occur if the objection is very simple and obvious to fix or the balloter cannot be reached after a few reasonable attempts. Repeated failed attempts to elicit a response from a balloter may result in an objection being considered unresponsive, based on the judgment of the working group chair. Once all objections in a ballot have been resolved, it becomes an affirmative ballot. (4) If any objection cannot be resolved, the entire ballot remains negative. (5) Once more than seventy-five percent of the ballots received (that had voted either affirmative or negative) have been turned affirmative, two lists are published to the entire balloting group: the detailed list of approved changes and the list of unresolved objections, along with our reasons for rejecting them. This is known as a _r_e_c_i_r_c_u_l_a_t_i_o_n. You have minimum of ten days (after an appropriate time to ensure the mail got through) to review these two lists and take one of the following actions: (a) Do nothing; your ballots will continue to be counted as we have classified them, based on items (3) and (4). (b) Explicitly change your negative ballot to affirmative by agreeing to remove all of your objections from the unresolved list. (c) Explicitly change your affirmative ballot to negative based on your disapproval of either of the two lists you reviewed. If an issue is not on one of the two lists, new objections about this are not allowed. Negative ballots that come in on recirculations cannot be cumulative. They shall repeat any objections that the balloter considers unresolved from the previous recirculation. Ballots that simply say ``and all the unresolved objections from last time'' will be declared unresponsive. Ballots that are silent will be presumed to fully replace the previous ballot, and all objections not mentioned on the most current ballot will be considered as successfully resolved. (6) The list of changes will frequently be a new draft document with the changes integrated. This is not a requirement, however, and Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. Annex G Balloting Instructions 1095 P1003.2/D11.2 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY--POSIX a small number of changes may prompt merely a change list approach to recirculation. (7) A copy of all your objections and our resolutions will be mailed to you. You can receive the full package of all resolutions from all ballots by contacting the IEEE Standards Office (who will probably charge you for the copying involved). If you don't agree with one of our resolutions and haven't been contacted personally before you receive this list, please accept our apologies and submit a new ballot against the new draft during the recirculation period. (8) If at the end of the recirculation period there remain greater than seventy-five percent affirmative ballots, and no new objections have been received, a new draft is prepared that incorporates all the changes. This draft and the unresolved objections list go to the IEEE Standards Board for approval. If the changes cause too many ballots to slip back into negative status, another resolution and recirculation cycle begins. _B_a_l_l_o_t_i_n_g__G_u_i_d_e_l_i_n_e_s This section consists of guidelines on how to write and submit the most effective ballot possible. The activity of resolving balloting comments is difficult and time consuming. Poorly constructed comments can make that even worse. We have found several things that can be done to a ballot that make our job more difficult than it needs to be, and likely will result in a less than optimal response to ballots that do not follow the form below. Thus it is to your advantage, as well as ours, for you to follow these recommendations and requirements. If a ballot that significantly violates the guidelines described in this section comes to us, we will determine that the ballot is unresponsive, and simply ignore all the material in it. Secondly, objections that don't contain a specification so that the correction to resolve the objection ``can be readily determined'' are also unresponsive and will be ignored. (If we do recognize a ballot that is generally ``unresponsive,'' we will try to inform the balloter as soon as possible so he/she can correct it, but it is ultimately the balloter's responsibility to assure the ballot Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. 1096 G Balloting Instructions Part 2: SHELL AND UTILITIES P1003.2/D11.2 is responsive.) Typesetting is not particularly useful to us. And please do not send handwritten ballots. Typewritten (or equivalent) is fine, and if some font information is lost it will be restored by the Technical Editor in any case. If you use nroff, you will include extraneous spacing and sometimes backspaces and overstrikes; if you really must use nroff, please turn off hyphenation and line adjusting: .hy 0 .na and run the output through col -b to remove all the overstrikes. (Also remember that backslashes and leading periods and apostrophes in your 1 text will be treated impolitely by the *roff family). The ideal ballot 1 is formatted as a ``flat ASCII file,'' without any attempt at reproducing the typography of the draft and without embedded control characters or overstrikes; it is then printed in Courier (or some other typewriter- like) font for paper-mailing to the IEEE Standards Office and simultaneously e-mailed to the working group Chair. Don't quote others' ballots. Cite them if you want to refer to another's ballot. If more than one person wants to endorse the same ballot, send just the cover sheets and one copy of the comments and objections. [Note to Institutional Representatives of groups like X/Open, OSF, UI, etc.: this applies to you, too. Please don't duplicate objection text with your members.] Multiple identical copies are easy to deal with, but just increase the paper volume. Multiple almost-identical ballots are a disaster, because we can't tell if they are identical or not, and are likely to miss the subtle differences. Responses of the forms: - ``I agree with the item in 's ballot, but I'd like to see this done instead'' - ``I am familiar with the changes to foo in 's ballot and I would object if this change is [or is not] included'' are very useful information to us. If we resolve the objection with the original balloter (the one whose ballot you are referencing), we will also consider yours to be closed, unless you specifically include some text in your objection indicating that should not be done. Be very careful of ``Oh, by the way, this applies too'' items, particularly if they are in different sections of the document that are Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. Annex G Balloting Instructions 1097 P1003.2/D11.2 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY--POSIX likely to be seen by different reviewers. They are probably going to be missed! Note the problem in the appropriate section, and cite the detailed description if it's too much trouble to copy it. The reviewers don't have time to read the whole ballot, and only read the parts that appear to apply to them. Particularly where definitions are involved, even if the change really belongs in one section but the relevant content is in another, an extra cross-reference would be indicated. If you wish to endorse someone else's ballot, either in whole or part, be specific about whether you will be automatically satisfied if they are satisfied. If you will not necessarily be satisfied if they are, your ballot could be deemed unresponsive because it does not give achievable conditions under which your ballot could be converted to affirmative. You then must give the conditions under which you would be satisfied as well. If you would be satisfied in some areas and not in others, it is best to specifically point to each specific objection in the ballot you point to, giving the conditions for each. Please consider this a new ballot that should stand on its own. Please do not make backward references to your ballots for previous drafts-- include all the text you want considered here, because the Technical Reviewer may not have your old ballot. And, the old section and line numbers won't match up anyway. If one of your objections was not accepted exactly as you wanted, it will not be useful to send in the exact text you sent before; read the nearby Rationale section and come up with a more compelling (or clearly-stated) justification for the change. Please be very wary about global statements, such as ``all of the arithmetic functions need to be defined more clearly.'' Unless you are prepared to cite specific instances of where you want changes made, with reasonably precise replacement language, your ballot will be considered unresponsive. _B_a_l_l_o_t__F_o_r_m The following form is recommended. We would greatly appreciate it if you sent the ballot in electronic form in addition to the required paper copy. Our policy is to handle all ballots online, so if you don't send it to us that way, we have to type it in manually. For the last POSIX.2 ballot, only one or two balloters could not accommodate us on this and thus we had very little typing to do. See the first page of this Annex for the addresses and media. As you'll see from the following, formatting a ballot that's sent to us online is much simpler than a paper-only ballot. Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. 1098 G Balloting Instructions Part 2: SHELL AND UTILITIES P1003.2/D11.2 The ballot should be page-numbered, and contain the name, e-mail address, and phone number(s) of the objector(s). (If you send us only a paper copy, make sure this information appears on every page; electronic ballots just need it once, in the beginning.) The lines before the first dashed line are a page header, and should only appear once on each page. Please leave adequate (at least one inch) margins on both sides. Each objection/comment/editorial comment should be sequentially numbered, not in individual ranges [i.e., not Objection #1, Comment #1] Since we deal with the ballots online, there is no longer any requirement to put only one objection or section per page. Don't format the ballot as a letter or document with its _o_w_n section numbers. These are simply confusing. As shown below, it is best if you cause each objection and comment to have a sequential number that we can refer to amongst ourselves and to you over the phone. Number sequentially from 1 and count objections, comments, and editorial comments the same; don't number each in its own range. If you don't do this, we'll number them ourselves, but you won't know what numbers we're using. Please precede each objection/comment with a little code line (if you don't, we'll have to do it ourselves): @ <_s_e_c_t_i_o_n>.<_c_l_a_u_s_e> <_c_o_d_e> <_s_e_q_n_o> where: @ At-sign in column 1 (which means no @'s in any other column 1's). <_s_e_c_t_i_o_n> The major section (chapter or annex) number or letter in column 3. Use zero for Global or for something, like the frontmatter, that has no section or annex number. <_c_l_a_u_s_e> The clause number (second-level header). Please do not go deeper than these two levels. In the text of your objection or comment, go as deep as you can in describing the location, but this code line uses two levels only. <_c_o_d_e> One of the following lowercase letters, preceded and followed by spaces: Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. Annex G Balloting Instructions 1099 P1003.2/D11.2 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY--POSIX o Objection. c Comment or Editorial Comment. <_s_e_q_n_o> A sequence number, counting all objections and comments in a single range. Objection: Balloter Name (202)555-1212 page x of nn. E-Mail Address FAX: Fax Number Balloter2 Name (303)555-1213 E-Mail Address2 FAX: Fax Number2 ------------------------------------------------------------------ @ x.y o seq# Sect x.y OBJECTION. page xxx, line zzz: Problem: A clear statement of the problem that is observed, sufficient for others to understand the nature of the problem. Note that you should identify problems by section, page, and line numbers. This may seem redundant, but if you transpose a digit pair, we may get totally lost without a cross-check like this. Use the line number where the problem starts, not just where the section itself starts; we sometimes attempt to sort objections by line numbers to make editing more accurate. If you are referring to a range of lines, please don't say ``lines 1000ff;'' use a real range so we can tell where to stop looking. If you have access to 2 the online versions of a balloting draft, please do not send in a ballot 2 that refers to the page numbers in the nroff output version; use only the 2 line and page numbers found in the printed draft or the online PostScript 2 draft. We will really love you if you can manage to include enough context information in the problem statement (such as the name of the utility) so we can understand it without having the draft in our laps at the time. (It also helps you when we e-mail it back to you.) If you are objecting to an action in the Unresolved Objections List, use the section/page/line number reference for the appropriate place in the standard; don't refer to the UOL except to cite its number and for 1 clarification of your points. 1 Action: A precise statement of the actions to be taken on the document to resolve the objection above, which if taken verbatim will completely remove the Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. 1100 G Balloting Instructions

/d080 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P /d081 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q /d082 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R /d083 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S /d084 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T /d085 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U Copyright c 1991 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. 1084 F Sample National Profile Part 2: SHELL AND UTILITIES P1003.2/D11.2 /d086 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V /d087 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W /d088 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X /d089 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y /d090 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z <<(> /d091 LEFT SQUARE BRACKET /d092 REVERSE SOLIDUS <)/>> /d093 RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET <'/>> /d094 CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT <_> /d095 LOW LINE <'!> /d096 GRAVE ACCENT /d097 LATIN SMALL LETTER A /d098 LATIN SMALL LETTER B /d099 LATIN SMALL LETTER C /d100 LATIN SMALL LETTER D /d101 LATIN SMALL LETTER E /d102 LATIN SMALL LETTER F /d103 LATIN SMALL LETTER G /d104 LATIN SMALL LETTER H /d105 LATIN SMALL LETTER I /d106 LATIN SMALL LETTER J /d107 LATIN SMALL LETTER K /d108 LATIN SMALL LETTER L /d109 LATIN SMALL LETTER M /d110 LATIN SMALL LETTER N /d111 LATIN SMALL LETTER O